El Journal of Technological Possibilism es una publicación que difunde los últimos avances en tecnologías destinadas a transformar el estado indeseado de los ambientes en otros más placenteros. La revista publica artículos con contenido de la mejor calidad en teorías, experimentos, proyectos y otros asuntos relacionados con Cibernética Ambiental, Human Enhancement, Negentropía Ambiental, Creaciones Ilustradas, Mitigación de Desastres, Producción Adaptativa, Manejo de Espacios Vitales, Localización Espacio-Temporal, Integración Regional, Evolución Dirigida, Desarrollo de Terroirs, Manufactura Romántica, Ergonomía de Intemperies, Seguridad Alimentaria, Autarquía Económica, Geopolítica Moderna, Sistemas Geomáticos, Exploraciones al Cosmos y Conquista de Zonas Extremas.
Tourist infrastructure inspired by the domes of Chinchihuaipi: recreating the first resort of the mankind
The Chilean economy has traditionally rested on the exploitation of natural resources where mining has been the main activity. However, other countries are developing their tourism which impacts several productive activities. Certainly, tourism in Chile can and should achieve greater consolidation and the heritage architecture can make its contribution through a unique offer, unique in the world. Indeed, recent studies have confirmed that on the banks of the Chinchihuapi estuary, there existed more than 13 thousand years ago a human settlement that at the time had a set of facilities for a Good passing, imagining that it would even be a resort, the first in the history of mankind. The structures that facilitated this settlement consisted of domes of wood and leather, which assembled harmonically generated the comfort for the first guests of the territory that today we call Chile. In such a context, it is attractive to re-create those domes and to make ergonomic adjustments in them by means of the technology available today, superior to that of the Late Pleistocene, for these new constructions to be exploited by tourists. In this sense, the present work shows some simulations both computational and physical model that illustrate the performance that such domes would have, indicating that they have a satisfactory response to the meteorological agents, and should improve the health issue and others indoor variables. So, it is expected that in the near future the hotel offer to visitors stays in the domes that thousands of years ago occupied individuals of our species long before Chile was Chile.
Epic Technology to stop the corruption in Chile: an alternative inspired from the literature
Regarding the growing corruption uncovered during the last two years in Chile and as an alternative to the traditional recommendations to stop this evil, it is proposed a new way to alter the environment whose features has a simile with the epic genre of literature. It is about the actions of a citizen who, faced with adversity, he performs a heroic action in search of an achievement valued by the nation. This non-traditional way of dealing with corruption plenty of both huge courage and singular intelligence, was conceived initially only for fun in the hope that in the near future it could inspire efficient solutions.
Catastrophe Theory and Territorial Dynamics in Valparaíso
After being a prosperous commune in the XIX century, Valparaíso became a city of limited development, not only from the structural and functional point of view, but also in the economic aspect, due to the lack of planning and development plans, among other variables. Due to that, urban growth became untenable, after the flight of goods and services (adding to the demographic growth), which caused the gradual disappearance of the synergic networks which maintained the social and economic superstructure of the city. To analyze this phenomenon, it is compulsory to have quantitative elements of judgement to increase the epistemological acquis for the policy-making, something clearly missing in the development plans. This work poses a proposal for a quantitative phenomenological model based on the catastrophe theory, backed by a bibliographic and in premises analysis of the city, considering its historical and social aspects, being structured as an ‘apex’; an analysis determined to be based on: the flight of goods, urban growth, disappearance of social networks and of development plans. Â A social collapse occurs when these variables lose their functional organics relating each other, and, therefore, the advance of one must be in concordance with the quantitative advance of the other. Â Â The result is a model to analyze empirically the way of collapse of Valparaíso. Â The model itself poses to be one more element to take into account in the decision-making of the future development plans for the city.
A process to design a system of prevention of occupational and work-related diseases caused by climate changes in the Chilean agrosilvopastoral sector
The increase in temperature together with the reduction of rainfall in a large part of the national territory can generate unfamiliar and/or harmful environmental conditions, exposing workers to a new configuration of physical, chemical and biological agents; and thereby increasing labor morbidity. To coping with that problem, this article shows the process of designing a system for preventing diseases caused by climate change in the Chilean agrosilvopastoral sector during the 21st century. This process comprises these four sequential stages. 1) Characterization of the probable scenarios: based on secondary sources, the predicted climate states will be deployed with their respective probability of occurrence for at least five natural regions of the national territory, both insular and continental South American, and through a comparative geography it will predict the pattern of forestry, livestock and agriculture activity that best fits each new climate in each natural region. 2) Determination of causal relationships: through simulations with computational support whose inputs are experiences recorded in different parts of the world, it will identify the thresholds of variables of the scenario (climate - agrosilvopastoral activity) that generate the emergence of occupational diseases and/or increase the quantity, prevalence and/or severity of these. 3) Identification of alterations to scenarios: by means of dose-response heuristics, it will identify those variables of the scenario whose modification significantly reduces the labor morbidity, either in the severity of the disease, in the number of patients, in the appearance of new diseases and any other measurable harmful effect. 4) Assemblies of alterations: it will be assessed in monetary units both the cost of implementing each alteration and the avoided risk by reducing the occupational diseases through the alterations already identified for later, through a mathematical programming to achieve the optimal configuration of alterations.
Chilean gastronomy before Chile: from the Pleistocene of Chinchihuapi stream to the current tables in the world
The territory we now know as Chile began to be inhabited more than 15,000 years ago and scientific evidence shows that these first settlers unfurled a unique cuisine based on some animal and plant inputs that still exist in the diversity of this "Crazy Geography". However, food products from Late Pleistocene as such have been lost in the shadows of time and thus it has disappeared an important part of the cultural richness of the "first Chileans." Fortunately, paleontology with the support of simulation techniques and others technological advances can now illuminate a distant past and imagine the dishes that was cooked, shared and enjoyed in the human settlement located in the riverside of Chinchihuapi stream (Monte Verde, región de Los Lagos, Chile), the oldest of America. Besides, it is likely that this food has had the organoleptic, safety and nutritional qualities which are valued in the present time. So, now that Chilean cuisine tries to position itself as a tourist attractor and achieve a place of prestige in world cuisine, it emerges the initiative to offer a kind of gastronomy inspired in the people of Monte Verde. Therefore, this project aims to set up different recipes for a gastronomic offer in restaurants, supermarkets and dining room at home. These recipes will be the result of semi-heuristic combinations of inputs currently available revealed by paleontological studies, which will be tested in terms of safety, nutrition, organoleptic qualities. The combinations resulting higher performance in these biological and chemicalphysical test; will be endowed of cultural load (name, decoration, story ...) based on the same paleontological studies. We hope that this project allows as soon as possible that a foreign tourist in a restaurant can enjoy a tasty and healthy food with an attractive name, alluring story and singular cutlery similar to that which was served fifteen millennia ago by the first inhabitants of what is now Chile.
Optimal choice of consumables and reasonable speed traffic to promote energy saving
Possibilism perspective indicates that the human being is able to make a suitable technological development, effectively changing their natural environment according to their needs. The automotive industry has made efforts to improve the efficiency of fuel consumption. This has led various technology developments under obtaining an increase automotive engine performance, and thus cut the environmental impact and consequences of climate change. Based on the approach to the problem, this research focused on two goals. Describe the criteria to consider addressing the various alternative fuel consumables, to guide motorists identifying the most relevant variables of consumption. In addition, contrast the speed and regime a vehicle speed versus time travel in a controlled setting, to set up single criteria savings to motorists. About the first goal, it was possible to visualize the range of possibilities available for the correct choice of inputs in view of obtaining energy efficiency. However, it notes that each user must correctly choose each consumable under technical profile who own vehicles. Regarding the second goal, it could get a ratio of consumption rate compared to the decrease in travel time. Based on this, we see how far it is possible to cut travel time versus fuel economy. Â As a result, the horizon of Possibilism is completely convenient, be aware of the right to opt for a more reasonable both modes of transport, alternative input, and traffic speed.
A linear additive model for ranking road alternatives and for revealing the relative importance of the variables that describe each of them
The selection of the best alternative within a plausible set has traditionally been a controversial issue in road engineering, particularly cause of the cryptic trait of the relative weights of the variables that explain each of them. Given this common situation, this paper proposes a simple and intuitive model through a linear programming, which not only ranks the alternatives according to their final attractive; but also reveals the relative importance of each variable that describes them. One advantage of this method is that it works regardless of the measurement units of the variables, no matter how different they are. Another advantage is that each alternative gets a number that represents its convenience as the final result.
Changes in the soil microbian variability by alteration of native forest
Present time, erosion is one of the main environmental problems in Chile, which depresses the soil capability for generating goods and services; besides breaking the synergic relationships between soil and its environment, creating alterations in the ecologic equilibrium of an ecosystem. These variations also alter the soil microbiota in eroded soils or in soils whose native vegetation has been replaced by alien vegetation. To get to know these alterations, a microbial analysis was carried out on the soils of the area of Alto Loica (district of San Pedro de Melipilla, in the Metropolitan Region); which proved a direct relation between the soil status and its bacteria communities. RNA S16 comparative analyses were carried out to on soil bacteria in the rizosphere of a native species: Cryptorcarya alba, an alien tree representative of the area of Alto Loica (eucalyptus cameldulensis), and from eroded soil. Â Â Correlation coefficients close to one indicate a high rate of variability when the samples from the rizosphere of Cryptorcarya alba are compared to analyses from samples coming from Eucalyptus cameldulensis and from eroded soils, which points out to the fact that the alteration of vegetation changes drastically the bacterial composition of soils. This represents an indicator reflecting the status of an ecosystem, and how adapted bacteria collaborate in the ecological cycles of the soil. These variations represent a source of future analyses where the bacteria compositions grouped in biological crusts may become a powerful tool to fend off erosion.
Critique of the first Chilean human seattlement in Campos de Hielo Sur
Almost a decade ago the Universidad de Santiago de Chile proposed a poly functional human settlement in the Campos de Hielo Sur to accommodate 4500 inhabitants. Despite being an avant-garde proposal with notable tourist, geopolitical and economic impacts; this initiative has not prospered. This paper argues that the proposal at that time was too disruptive to the Chilean environment. Such a project could have both a more gradual and more collaborative approach with other institutions. However, inadequate rhetoric has not resulted in a rejection of the project, but a delay of it.
Technologies for Coping with Climate Changes
Once established both the motivation and the commitment for coping with climate changes, this article establishes the role of technology to reduce risks and strengthen the potentials that new environmental scenarios bring. In this context the current work shows a classification of the technologies according to carbon capture and according to the prior existence of them and their use for facing environmental problems generated by climate changes not as such. Later, a broad spectrum of technology users is presented, concluding that the performance of many human activities will be affected for better or for worse by climate change. Finally the technological approaches are discussed, noting that in Chile there is an underestimation of the quality of abrupt, self-reference and critical capabilities as a metaphor for the new environmental challenges.
Questions about the Conquista of Chilean Cryosphere
Since Chile has not populated the permanently frozen part of its South American territory, this article posits that this is a consequence of an underestimation of the potential of the cryosphere which in turn impedes the realization of economic and cultural activities in it, despite having the technology for conquest icy zones.
“L’ aménagement du territoire” of Guy Debord: an accurate forecast
The work of Debord about the arrangement of the territory among different interpretations could be considered a forecast on the geography of globalization, particularly in countries such as Chile, where the market economy is the political regime. Indeed, Debord described in 1967 a scenario that decades later consolidate several features which at that time he anticipated: collapse of the current regional barriers, privatization of public spaces, incontinence to invest in pristine territories, architecture socially classified and devotion to the car.
Chile facing the Global Warming: discussing a territorial annexation of some flood-prone countries in the Western Pacific
Since humanity is facing a Global Warming where some of its effects will be both the rise of ocean levels and the increase aggressiveness of storm surges, many States located in low-lying islands are at risk of losing part of its surface and even disappear. Indeed, many of these small countries are not only characterized by its low altitude, but also by its low GDP per capita, a condition that makes them even more vulnerable to sea rise and violence triggered by climate change that approach. In such a scenario certainly likely at the end of this century, Chile can now take a global prominence thanks to its oceanic conditions and its integration into the international community, both qualities that this country often declares. Indeed, Chile can propose an annexation to the governments of the Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS); making that population and territories are Chileans and avoid future and pejorative immigration status or environmental refugees. These news Chileans could settle in regions as Aysén, promoting their development; while on the other side in what remains of the abandoned islands, Chile can materialize science centers, facilities for the exploitation of natural resources and military bases; thus achieving an effective screening throughout the Pacific. To develop this ambitious project, it must overcome several obstacles, including producing evasive and disruptive technology for the dangerous islands.
A proposal for modeling the relationship between domestic technology and autarky
This paper proposes a method for measuring the autarky of a country based on its technology. The procedure regards an Internal Technological level that depends on technology management and a Self-Sufficiency Potential quantified by the percentage of goods that a country is able to produce within its borders. The usefulness of the procedure for a country is the generation of a Cartesian plane that informs how sensitive is its autarky to technological changes.
Proposal of geophysical survey for paleontologic prospecting in Cerro Ballena
Close to Caldera city in the Atacama Desert, a paleontological site of marine vertebrate fossils of Pliocene and Pleistocene was accidentally discovered. There were no previous studies of this coastal area until 2012, when a team of paleontologists made a quick removal of the fossils. This paper proposes a geophysical survey in this Chilean site by means of two methods: gravimetric and seismic. Most articles related to geophysics show effectiveness in measuring anomalies associated to geological units with fossil record; however, they are not focused on the search of the fossil itself. The methodology regards the study of the topography along the record of geological structures, the construction of a mesh for collecting of data, filter and interpretation. The expected results are related to quantitative gravimetric and seismic anomalies, those provide traces of the location and attitude of the stratum in which the fossils may be found. The study delivers information to sketch a fossil inventory in site without the necessity alteration of the environment. It should be noted that these geophysical methods are poorly used in the scientific enterprises linked to paleontology, so it is expected that this work may inspire future studies.
Generation of digital elevation models using sensor images of SPOT-5 HRS to create mapping at scales 1:25,000-1:50,000
Today Chile has no elevation model (DEM) with national character. Analyzed from the point of view of science and geomatics technologies, a DEM and the orthoimages may be updated in their respective scales 1:25,000 and 1:50,000, these are essential for national development in its various applications. Due to new developments in hardware and software technology it is possible to lead towards new methods of processing and have access to satellite technology to create cartography with new parameters and elements. Based on the methodology employed by Imagine Spot for the generation of cartographic products, the proposal of this research are modifications to methodology to develop our means and get a DEM with the respective orthoimagen, which will validate the data both vertically and horizontally, thus to generate maps for the different productive and strategic areas of the country. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the proposed methodology meets all the objectives and opens a new opportunity to innovate in developing quality cartographic products.
Internal Ecosystem Restoration: a way to take responsibility for the previous environmental damage
This paper presents a project for getting better the environment of the University of Santiago of Chile by means of changes which taking place within its campus, but impacting out of it. The main goal is artificially to recreate functions that were once performed and that they would have remained if the university had not existed. Since the university does exist, several natural structures do not exist within the campus and therefore some ecological functions performed by those structures accidentally neither exist. In this context of Social Responsibility, the project proposes the arrangement of waterbodies, the introduction of native trees, the construction of birdhouses and other modifications inside the campus for: thermal regulation, hunt of harmful rodents and capture of CO2 among other impacts in the region where the university is located. This pioneering project not only can be replicated in other universities in the world; but also in other companies and organizations where the existence of them has been depriving the environment of various benefits.
Digital education, sensory motor skills and nostalgia for the Homo sapiens
Current technology characterized by a rapid advance in information and communication systems not only facilitates homework completion but also in some cases turns out to be an almost indispensable tool. However, the recurrence of this technology atrophies in students certain abilities of the human specie such as the efficient array of several environmental elements in both weight and distance. Regarding that these natural abilities can help to achieve a harmonious ensemble with the environment and its effect is not inconsistent with the digital practices, this paper proposes the revitalization of traditional skills by means of workshops and ateliers for keeping in students of Secondary Education a high performance in the three dimensions of space and in time.
Relation between exposure to altitude and ventilatory response: a review to facilitate the adaptation to high lands
In order to update and arrange the information about the physiological response to the increase in altitude, this article is a literature review. Despite the lack of systematic studies that cause uncertainty in decision making for the proper management of human resources, in general it is identified the fourth day as one when the adaptation process starts over 3000 meters. The results presented here may be useful for the mining industry in Andean countries where thousands of workers are intended to operate at high altitudes.
Endosimbiotic design of robots for operating in uninhabitable places
This paper proposes a method of design emulating biological phenomena in artificial systems. The artifacts are robots that operate in inhospitable scenarios and the emulation is the synergistic partnership between a cell and heterotrophic bacteria phagocytosed by it. Through a simulation it can create an evolutionary process where the association between a creature that incorporates within it self various elements of the universe, generates a new kind of robot. As in Nature, this sort of teleonomy with the apparent purposefulness and goal-directedness of structures and functions, it gets better the design process in industrial activities.
Quantification of the Tourism Potential: accounting a component of the territorial wealth
The Tourism Potential understood as a quantitative indicator of the maximum number of visitors that can attract a place of interest in a given time, supports decision making in various fields of territorial development. In this context, this work proposes amethod to quantify the Tourism Potential at Termas del Plomo y Glaciar el Morado, two sites located in Los Andes Mountains, close to Santiago de Chile. To achieve this purpose, the Tourist Potential was modeled as a function of some variables related to aspects such as: accessibility, advertising, services, population and climate restrictions. Since no data were available about visits to both sites, it was used as proxy, others five mountain ous sites where records did exist. Indeed, because all of them are under the state administration, they have data deal with the number of visits as a dependent variable; and infrastructure, facilities,demography and other as independent variables. Through a Multiple Linear Regression wasable to discover the function that relates the number of visits to these explanatory variables, identifying advertising, travel costs and demographic attraction as the most relevant. The all these explanatory variables, the intervention is more plausible in travel costs, which reduced allow significantly increase the Tourist Potential, reaching 15406 visitors per year to glacier and 8846 visitors per year to baths. This preliminary work provides a quantitative and inexpensive tool for uncovering cryptic functions applicable to other similar places.
Assisted mass removal in water as morphometric parameters
Chile, for its natural geomorphological structure, constantly has recorded several natural events that havebeen causing a huge number of losses, both human and material, most of them concentrated in its Central Zone.The most common natural events in the Central Zone are floods and mudslides, given by the topographic and climaticfeatures present in that area, with an a large mountainous area and rainfall periods when the soil is devoidof vegetation , thereby dragging materials that are deposited in the lower valleys. That is why this study seeks todetermine areas with landslide threat as a tool to support decision-making authorities who are facing emergencysituations. The methodology was adapted from the Ministry of Public Work method in the “Study of EnvironmentalFacets”, consisting in the intersection of hydrographic parameters using a Geographic Information System, throughthe use of tools such as the Model Builder. According to the results, the Metropolitan Region of Santiago has a largepercentage of its surface with the threat of mass movement processes, indicating that the instruments of land shouldconsider this type of study when planning to use the territory.
Does God change the brain of a believer?
This paper summarizes evidence that shows how the brains of people who believe in God, have a differentstructure and function with respect to those who disbelieve. There is also evidence that believers while prayingproduce changes in their physiology that positively impacts their health. Since belief is somehow a matter of will, theapproach to religion can be a way to improve welfare and to face more appropriately harsh environments.
The ultimate challenge in automation: robots endowed with imagination
This essay proposes a line of investigation related to decisional processes in robots, specifically throughthe concept of imagination. The diversity of behaviours in these automatons can be enhanced by means of an incrementof the alternatives which the robot has to evaluate and by means of an increment in the number of variablesof the utility function in each alternative. In this context, with prior revision of the concept of imagination in humanbeings and taking keys both from Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture and Cybernetic, this article introducesthe concept of Imagination Potential as a measure of decisional capacity that can be expanded in the robots.
Toward a prototype of low cost dye solar cells
The emerging technology of dye solar cells is analyzed from different points of view in comparison withsilicon solar cells. The high efficiency (20%) and long durability (20 years) of silicon cells are very attractive qualities,however their high price for house electricity, make them unreachable by common people; their manufactureis energy consuming, contaminating and request high technology procedures. An alternative autonomous way isinvestigated, focused on testing materials and procedures for making dye solar cells at low cost, low environmentalimpact and reasonable efficiency and durability. Moreover, the empowerment of this technology by people wasanalyzed. The results are: dye solar cells 5cm2 with photo voltage production of 0,7V and photocurrent 0,2 mA,employing crystal violet as a dye. Manufacture was with low price materials, low environmental impact and learningof basic scientific background and procedures by a team of high school students. Durability requires a longer observationtime and efficiency is still too low (0,05 %) in comparison with expectations of 1%, due to low production ofphotocurrent. Different ways to improve efficiency are proposed.